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_de/items/creating_textures.md
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root: ../..
idx: 2.2
description: Eine Einführung in die Erstellung von Texturen mit dem Editor Ihrer Wahl und eine Anleitung zu GIMP.
redirect_from: /en/chapters/creating_textures.html
redirect_from: /de/chapters/creating_textures.html
---
## Einleitung <!-- omit in toc -->

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---
title: Block Zeichnungstypen
layout: default
root: ../..
idx: 2.3
description: Ratgeber für alle Zeichnungstypen, einschließlich node boxes/nodeboxes und mesh nodes.
redirect_from: /de/chapters/node_drawtypes.html
---
## Einleitung <!-- omit in toc -->
Die Methode, mit der ein Block gezeichnet wird, wird als *Zeichnungstyp* bezeichnet. Es gibt viele
verfügbare Zeichnungstypen. Das Verhalten eines Zeichnungstyp kann gesteuert werden
durch Angabe von Eigenschaften in der Blocktypdefinition gesteuert werden. Diese Eigenschaften
sind für alle Instanzen dieses Knotens festgelegt. Es ist möglich, einige Eigenschaften
pro Knoten zu steuern, indem man etwas namens `param2` verwendet.
Im vorigen Kapitel wurde das Konzept der Blöcke und Items eingeführt, aber eine
vollständige Definition eines Blockes wurde nicht gegeben. Die Minetest-Welt ist ein 3D-Gitter aus
Positionen. Jede Position wird als Block bezeichnet und besteht aus dem Blocktyp
(Name) und zwei Parametern (param1 und param2). Die Funktion
`minetest.register_node` (übersetzt `minetest.registriere_Block`)ist ein wenig irreführend, da sie nicht wirklich
einen Knoten registriert - sie registriert einen neuen *Typ* von Block.
Die Blockparameter werden verwendet, um zu steuern, wie ein Block individuell gerendert wird.
`param1` wird verwendet, um die Beleuchtung eines Blockes zu speichern, und die Bedeutung von
`param2` hängt von der Eigenschaft `paramtype2` der Blocktypdefinition ab.
- [Würfelförmiger Block: Normale und Allflächen](#würfelförmiger-block-normale-und-allflächen)
- [Glasslike Nodes](#glasslike-nodes)
- [Glasslike_Framed](#glasslike_framed)
- [Airlike Nodes](#airlike-nodes)
- [Lighting and Sunlight Propagation](#lighting-and-sunlight-propagation)
- [Liquid Nodes](#liquid-nodes)
- [Node Boxes](#node-boxes)
- [Wallmounted Node Boxes](#wallmounted-node-boxes)
- [Mesh Nodes](#mesh-nodes)
- [Signlike Nodes](#signlike-nodes)
- [Plantlike Nodes](#plantlike-nodes)
- [Firelike Nodes](#firelike-nodes)
- [More Drawtypes](#more-drawtypes)
## Würfelförmiger Block: Normale und Allflächen
<figure class="right_image">
<img src="{{ page.root }}//static/drawtype_normal.png" alt="Normaler Zeichnungstyp">
<figcaption>
Normaler Zeichnungstyp
</figcaption>
</figure>
Der Zeichnungstyp normal wird normalerweise zum Rendern eines Würfelförmigen Blockes verwendet.
Wenn die Seite eines normalen Blockes an einer festen Seite anliegt, wird diese Seite nicht gerendert,
was zu einem großen Leistungsgewinn führt.
Im Gegensatz dazu wird der Zeichnungstyp allfaces immer noch die Innenseite darstellen, wenn er auf einen
soliden Block ist. Dies ist gut für Blöcke mit teilweise transparenten Seiten, wie z.B. den
Blatt-Block. Sie können den allfaces_optional drawtype verwenden, um den Benutzern die Möglichkeit zu geben, die
langsamere Zeichnen auszuschalten, in diesem Fall verhält er sich wie ein normaler Block.
```lua
minetest.register_node("meinemod:diamant", {
description = "Alien Diamant",
tiles = {"meinemod_diamant.png"},
groups = {cracky = 3},
})
minetest.register_node("default:leaves", {
description = "Blätter",
drawtype = "allfaces_optional",
tiles = {"default_leaves.png"}
})
```
Hinweis: Der normale Zeichentyp ist der Standard-Zeichentyp, Sie müssen ihn also nicht explizit
angeben.
## Glasslike Nodes
The difference between glasslike and normal nodes is that placing a glasslike node
next to a normal node won't cause the side of the normal node to be hidden.
This is useful because glasslike nodes tend to be transparent, and so using a normal
drawtype would result in the ability to see through the world.
<figure>
<img src="{{ page.root }}//static/drawtype_glasslike_edges.png" alt="Glasslike's Edges">
<figcaption>
Glasslike's Edges
</figcaption>
</figure>
```lua
minetest.register_node("default:obsidian_glass", {
description = "Obsidian Glass",
drawtype = "glasslike",
tiles = {"default_obsidian_glass.png"},
paramtype = "light",
is_ground_content = false,
sunlight_propagates = true,
sounds = default.node_sound_glass_defaults(),
groups = {cracky=3,oddly_breakable_by_hand=3},
})
```
### Glasslike_Framed
This makes the node's edge go around the whole thing with a 3D effect, rather
than individual nodes, like the following:
<figure>
<img src="{{ page.root }}//static/drawtype_glasslike_framed.png" alt="Glasslike_framed's Edges">
<figcaption>
Glasslike_Framed's Edges
</figcaption>
</figure>
You can use the glasslike_framed_optional drawtype to allow the user to *opt-in*
to the framed appearance.
```lua
minetest.register_node("default:glass", {
description = "Glass",
drawtype = "glasslike_framed",
tiles = {"default_glass.png", "default_glass_detail.png"},
inventory_image = minetest.inventorycube("default_glass.png"),
paramtype = "light",
sunlight_propagates = true, -- Sunlight can shine through block
groups = {cracky = 3, oddly_breakable_by_hand = 3},
sounds = default.node_sound_glass_defaults()
})
```
## Airlike Nodes
These nodes are not rendered and thus have no textures.
```lua
minetest.register_node("myair:air", {
description = "MyAir (you hacker you!)",
drawtype = "airlike",
paramtype = "light",
sunlight_propagates = true,
walkable = false, -- Would make the player collide with the air node
pointable = false, -- You can't select the node
diggable = false, -- You can't dig the node
buildable_to = true, -- Nodes can be replace this node.
-- (you can place a node and remove the air node
-- that used to be there)
air_equivalent = true,
drop = "",
groups = {not_in_creative_inventory=1}
})
```
## Lighting and Sunlight Propagation
The lighting of a node is stored in param1. In order to work out how to shade
a node's side, the light value of the neighbouring node is used.
Because of this, solid nodes don't have light values because they block light.
By default, a node type won't allow light to be stored in any node instances.
It's usually desirable for some nodes such as glass and air to be able to
let light through. To do this, there are two properties which need to be defined:
```lua
paramtype = "light",
sunlight_propagates = true,
```
The first line means that param1 does, in fact, store the light level.
The second line means that sunlight should go through this node without decreasing in value.
## Liquid Nodes
<figure class="right_image">
<img src="{{ page.root }}//static/drawtype_liquid.png" alt="Liquid Drawtype">
<figcaption>
Liquid Drawtype
</figcaption>
</figure>
Each type of liquid requires two node definitions - one for the liquid source, and
another for flowing liquid.
```lua
-- Some properties have been removed as they are beyond
-- the scope of this chapter.
minetest.register_node("default:water_source", {
drawtype = "liquid",
paramtype = "light",
inventory_image = minetest.inventorycube("default_water.png"),
-- ^ this is required to stop the inventory image from being animated
tiles = {
{
name = "default_water_source_animated.png",
animation = {
type = "vertical_frames",
aspect_w = 16,
aspect_h = 16,
length = 2.0
}
}
},
special_tiles = {
-- New-style water source material (mostly unused)
{
name = "default_water_source_animated.png",
animation = {type = "vertical_frames", aspect_w = 16,
aspect_h = 16, length = 2.0},
backface_culling = false,
}
},
--
-- Behavior
--
walkable = false, -- The player falls through
pointable = false, -- The player can't highlight it
diggable = false, -- The player can't dig it
buildable_to = true, -- Nodes can be replace this node
alpha = 160,
--
-- Liquid Properties
--
drowning = 1,
liquidtype = "source",
liquid_alternative_flowing = "default:water_flowing",
-- ^ when the liquid is flowing
liquid_alternative_source = "default:water_source",
-- ^ when the liquid is a source
liquid_viscosity = WATER_VISC,
-- ^ how fast
liquid_range = 8,
-- ^ how far
post_effect_color = {a=64, r=100, g=100, b=200},
-- ^ colour of screen when the player is submerged
})
```
Flowing nodes have a similar definition, but with a different name and animation.
See default:water_flowing in the default mod in minetest_game for a full example.
## Node Boxes
<figure class="right_image">
<img src="{{ page.root }}//static/drawtype_nodebox.gif" alt="Nodebox drawtype">
<figcaption>
Nodebox drawtype
</figcaption>
</figure>
Node boxes allow you to create a node which is not cubic, but is instead made out
of as many cuboids as you like.
```lua
minetest.register_node("stairs:stair_stone", {
drawtype = "nodebox",
paramtype = "light",
node_box = {
type = "fixed",
fixed = {
{-0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0, 0.5},
{-0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5},
},
}
})
```
The most important part is the node box table:
```lua
{-0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0, 0.5},
{-0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5}
```
Each row is a cuboid which are joined to make a single node.
The first three numbers are the co-ordinates, from -0.5 to 0.5 inclusive, of
the bottom front left most corner, the last three numbers are the opposite corner.
They are in the form X, Y, Z, where Y is up.
You can use the [NodeBoxEditor](https://forum.minetest.net/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=2840) to
create node boxes by dragging the edges, it is more visual than doing it by hand.
### Wallmounted Node Boxes
Sometimes you want different nodeboxes for when it is placed on the floor, wall, or ceiling like with torches.
```lua
minetest.register_node("default:sign_wall", {
drawtype = "nodebox",
node_box = {
type = "wallmounted",
-- Ceiling
wall_top = {
{-0.4375, 0.4375, -0.3125, 0.4375, 0.5, 0.3125}
},
-- Floor
wall_bottom = {
{-0.4375, -0.5, -0.3125, 0.4375, -0.4375, 0.3125}
},
-- Wall
wall_side = {
{-0.5, -0.3125, -0.4375, -0.4375, 0.3125, 0.4375}
}
},
})
```
## Mesh Nodes
Whilst node boxes are generally easier to make, they are limited in that
they can only consist of cuboids. Node boxes are also unoptimised;
Inner faces will still be rendered even when they're completely hidden.
A face is a flat surface on a mesh. An inner face occurs when the faces of two
different node boxes overlap, causing parts of the node box model to be
invisible but still rendered.
You can register a mesh node as so:
```lua
minetest.register_node("mymod:meshy", {
drawtype = "mesh",
-- Holds the texture for each "material"
tiles = {
"mymod_meshy.png"
},
-- Path to the mesh
mesh = "mymod_meshy.b3d",
})
```
Make sure that the mesh is available in a `models` directory.
Most of the time the mesh should be in your mod's folder, however, it's okay to
share a mesh provided by another mod you depend on. For example, a mod that
adds more types of furniture may want to share the model provided by a basic
furniture mod.
## Signlike Nodes
Signlike nodes are flat nodes with can be mounted on the sides of other nodes.
Despite the name of this drawtype, signs don't actually tend to use signlike but
instead use the `nodebox` drawtype to provide a 3D effect. The `signlike` drawtype
is, however, commonly used by ladders.
```lua
minetest.register_node("default:ladder_wood", {
drawtype = "signlike",
tiles = {"default_ladder_wood.png"},
-- Required: store the rotation in param2
paramtype2 = "wallmounted",
selection_box = {
type = "wallmounted",
},
})
```
## Plantlike Nodes
<figure class="right_image">
<img src="{{ page.root }}//static/drawtype_plantlike.png" alt="Plantlike Drawtype">
<figcaption>
Plantlike Drawtype
</figcaption>
</figure>
Plantlike nodes draw their tiles in an X like pattern.
```lua
minetest.register_node("default:papyrus", {
drawtype = "plantlike",
-- Only one texture used
tiles = {"default_papyrus.png"},
selection_box = {
type = "fixed",
fixed = {-6 / 16, -0.5, -6 / 16, 6 / 16, 0.5, 6 / 16},
},
})
```
## Firelike Nodes
Firelike is similar to plantlike, except that it is designed to "cling" to walls
and ceilings.
<figure>
<img src="{{ page.root }}//static/drawtype_firelike.png" alt="Firelike nodes">
<figcaption>
Firelike nodes
</figcaption>
</figure>
```lua
minetest.register_node("mymod:clingere", {
drawtype = "firelike",
-- Only one texture used
tiles = { "mymod:clinger" },
})
```
## More Drawtypes
This is not a comprehensive list, there are more types including:
* Fencelike
* Plantlike rooted - for underwater plants
* Raillike - for cart tracks
* Torchlike - for 2D wall/floor/ceiling nodes.
The torches in Minetest Game actually use two different node definitions of
mesh nodes (default:torch and default:torch_wall).
As always, read the [Lua API documentation](https://minetest.gitlab.io/minetest/nodes/#node-drawtypes)
for the complete list.